Gold
World mine production and reserves, 2024–2025
Share of world mine production, 2025 · world total 3,300 metric tons
- China 12%
- Russia 9.4%
- Australia 8.5%
- Canada 6.1%
- United States 4.8%
- Ghana 4.5%
- Mexico 4.2%
- Kazakhstan 3.9%
- All other countries 47%
China accounted for 12% of world mine production of gold in 2025 (380 metric tons of 3,300 metric tons). The largest reserves are in Australia (20% of the world figure), not in the top producer. World reserves equal about 20 years of 2025 output at that rate, the second shortest of the 19 commodities where both figures exist. Canada supplied 99% of U.S. imports of ores and concentrates in 2021–24, more than any other country.
Producer log
13 countries listed separately
| Country | Mine production 2024 | Mine production 2025 | Share of world 2025 | Change on 2024 | Reserves | Share of world reserves |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 377 | 380 | 12% | +0.8% | 3,200 | 4.8% |
| Russia | 310 | 310 | 9.4% | 0% | 12,000 | 18% |
| Australia | 284 | 280 | 8.5% | −1.4% | 13,000 | 20% |
| Canada | 200 | 200 | 6.1% | 0% | 3,200 | 4.8% |
| United States | 163 | 160 | 4.8% | −1.8% | 3,000 | 4.5% |
| Ghana | 149 | 150 | 4.5% | +0.7% | 1,000 | 1.5% |
| Mexico | 140 | 140 | 4.2% | 0% | 1,400 | 2.1% |
| Kazakhstan | 130 | 130 | 3.9% | 0% | 2,300 | 3.5% |
| Uzbekistan | 129 | 130 | 3.9% | +0.8% | 2,200 | 3.3% |
| Peru | 108 | 110 | 3.3% | +1.9% | 2,200 | 3.3% |
| Indonesia | 94 | 90 | 2.7% | −4.3% | 3,600 | 5.5% |
| South Africa | 90 | 90 | 2.7% | 0% | 5,000 | 7.6% |
| Brazil | 82 | 80 | 2.4% | −2.4% | 2,500 | 3.8% |
| Other countries | 1,020 | 1,000 | 30% | 11,000 | ||
| World total | 3,280 | 3,300 | 100% | +0.6% | 66,000 | 100% |
Output versus reserves
same commodity, two measures
Mine production, 2025
- China 12%
- Russia 9.4%
- Australia 8.5%
- Canada 6.1%
- United States 4.8%
- All other countries 60%
Reserves (world 66,000 metric tons)
- Australia 20%
- Russia 18%
- South Africa 7.6%
- Indonesia 5.5%
- Canada 4.8%
- All other countries 44%
Reserves are the part of identified deposits that USGS considers economic to extract now; they change as prices, technology and surveys change. At the 2025 rate, the world reserve figure equals about 20 years of output.
United States
supply, trade and import sources
Import sources of ores and concentrates, 2021–24
- Canada 99%
- Other countries 1%
| Item | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production: Mine | 187 | 173 | 170 | 163 | 160 |
| Production — Refinery: Primary | 181 | 181 | 177 | 180 | 170 |
| Production — Refinery: Secondary (new and old scrap) | 92 | 93 | 96 | 89 | 90 |
| Imports for consumption | 192 | 138 | 215 | 190 | 320 |
| Exports | 386 | 420 | 252 | 289 | 260 |
| Consumption, reported | 265 | 252 | 253 | 210 | 150 |
| Stocks, Treasury, yearend | 8,130 | 8,130 | 8,130 | 8,130 | 8,130 |
| Employment, mine and mill, number | 11,700 | 11,500 | 12,200 | 13,200 | 13,000 |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Gold chapter (PDF page 98). How to read these figures.