Industrial sand and gravel
World mine production, 2024–2025
Share of world mine production, 2025 · world total 430 million metric tons
- United States 28%
- China 21%
- Netherlands 16%
- Turkey 3.3%
- France 3%
- Italy 3%
- India 2.8%
- Germany 2.1%
- All other countries 21%
The United States accounted for 28% of world mine production of industrial sand and gravel in 2025 (120 million metric tons of 430 million metric tons). The United States was a net exporter of industrial sand and gravel in 2025. Canada supplied 84% of U.S. imports of industrial sand and gravel in 2021–24, more than any other country. U.S. imports of industrial sand and gravel fell from 350 thousand metric tons in 2021 to 210 thousand metric tons in 2025.
Producer log
20 countries listed separately
| Country | Mine production 2024 | Mine production 2025 | Share of world 2025 | Change on 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 131,000 | 120,000 | 28% | −8.4% |
| China | 91,000 | 92,000 | 21% | +1.1% |
| Netherlands | 68,000 | 68,000 | 16% | 0% |
| Turkey | 13,700 | 14,000 | 3.3% | +2.2% |
| France | 12,600 | 13,000 | 3% | +3.2% |
| Italy | 13,500 | 13,000 | 3% | −3.7% |
| India | 11,900 | 12,000 | 2.8% | +0.8% |
| Germany | 9,170 | 9,200 | 2.1% | +0.3% |
| Bulgaria | 8,770 | 8,800 | 2% | +0.3% |
| Russia | 7,300 | 7,300 | 1.7% | 0% |
| Spain | 6,330 | 6,300 | 1.5% | −0.5% |
| Malaysia | 6,000 | 6,000 | 1.4% | 0% |
| Poland | 5,900 | 5,900 | 1.4% | 0% |
| Australia | 5,500 | 5,600 | 1.3% | +1.8% |
| United Kingdom | 4,700 | 4,700 | 1.1% | 0% |
| Argentina | 4,300 | 4,500 | 1% | +4.7% |
| Canada | 3,800 | 3,800 | 0.9% | 0% |
| Indonesia | 3,540 | 3,500 | 0.8% | −1.1% |
| Mexico | 2,700 | 2,700 | 0.6% | 0% |
| Saudi Arabia | 2,100 | 2,100 | 0.5% | 0% |
| Other countries | 22,700 | 23,000 | 5.3% | |
| World total | 434,000 | 430,000 | 100% | −0.9% |
United States
supply, trade and import sources
Net import reliance in 2025, as a percentage of apparent consumption. “E” marks years when the United States exported more than it imported.
Import sources, 2021–24
- Canada 84%
- Vietnam 5%
- South Korea 4%
- Taiwan 3%
- Other countries 4%
| Item | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sold or used | 91,200 | 121,000 | 136,000 | 131,000 | 120,000 |
| Imports for consumption | 350 | 338 | 211 | 272 | 210 |
| Exports | 5,350 | 6,290 | 7,050 | 7,700 | 8,000 |
| Consumption, apparent | 86,200 | 115,000 | 129,000 | 123,000 | 120,000 |
| Employment, quarry and mill, number | 5,300 | 6,000 | 6,100 | 6,200 | 6,200 |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Industrial sand and gravel chapter (PDF page 172). How to read these figures.