Titanium mineral concentrates

World mine production and reserves, 2024–2025

On the U.S. 2025 critical minerals listUSGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026

Share of world mine production, 2025 · world total 9.4 million metric tons

0%50%100%

• China 34%
• Mozambique 20%
• South Africa 14%
• Australia 8.3%
• Norway 4.1%
• Senegal 3.9%
• Canada 3.8%
• Madagascar 3.2%
• All other countries 8.5%

China accounted for 34% of world mine production of titanium mineral concentrates in 2025 (3.2 million metric tons of 9.4 million metric tons). Net imports covered 88% of U.S. titanium mineral concentrates consumption in 2025. Among the main producers, Ukraine changed most: −30% on 2024. The three largest producers, China, Mozambique, and South Africa, together supplied 68%.

Producer log

11 countries listed separately

World mine production and reserves — ilmenite. Units: thousand metric tons, TiO₂ content. 2025 figures are USGS estimates.

Country	Mine production 2024	Mine production 2025	Share of world 2025	Change on 2024	Reserves
China	3,040	3,200	34%	+5.3%	110,000
Mozambique	1,930	1,900	20%	−1.6%	not available
South Africa	1,260	1,300	14%	+3.2%	28,000
Australia	600	780	8.3%	+30%	170,000
Norway	432	390	4.1%	−9.7%	37,000
Senegal	345	370	3.9%	+7.2%	not available
Canada	360	360	3.8%	0%	50,000
Madagascar	300	300	3.2%	0%	30,000
India	230	240	2.6%	+4.3%	15,000
Ukraine	286	200	2.1%	−30%	5,900
United States	100	100	1.1%	0%	2,000
Other countries	332	230	2.4%		46,000
World total	9,210	9,400	100%	+2.1%	more than 490,000

Producer log — rutile

8 countries listed separately

World mine production and reserves — rutile. Units: thousand metric tons, TiO₂ content. 2025 figures are USGS estimates.

Country	Mine production 2024	Mine production 2025	Share of world 2025	Change on 2024	Reserves
Australia	200	200	44%	0%	35,000
Sierra Leone	80	110	24%	+38%	2,900
South Africa	102	100	22%	−2%	6,200
India	12	13	2.9%	+8.3%	670
Mozambique	9	10	2.2%	+11%	720
Ukraine	9	10	2.2%	+11%	2,500
United States	in “other”	in “other”			in “other”
Kenya	41	0		−100%	0
Other countries	10	9	2%		more than 540
World total	460	450	100%	−2.2%	more than 49,000

United States

supply, trade and import sources

88%

Net import reliance in 2025, as a percentage of apparent consumption.

202190

202281

202386

202487

202588

Import sources, 2021–24

• South Africa 26%
• Canada 16%
• Madagascar 16%
• Mozambique 13%
• Other countries 29%

Uses named for it in the 2025 critical minerals list: metallurgy and pigments.

United States, 2021–2025 (thousand metric tons, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) content, unless the row says otherwise). W = withheld by USGS; NA = not available; 2025 estimated.

Item	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Production	100	200	100	100	100
Imports for consumption	969	952	638	658	730
Exports, all forms	20	110	40	5	10
Consumption, apparent	1,000	1,000	700	800	900
Employment, mine and mill, number	340	420	440	460	490

Open in the producer explorerWho produces the U.S. critical minerals

Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Titanium mineral concentrates chapter (PDF page 206). How to read these figures.