Cement
World cement production and clinker capacity, 2024–2025
Share of world cement production, 2025 · world total 3.8 billion metric tons
- China 45%
- India 12%
- Vietnam 2.6%
- Turkey 2.3%
- United States 2.2%
- Iran 1.8%
- Brazil 1.8%
- Egypt 1.7%
- All other countries 31%
China accounted for 45% of world cement production in 2025 (1.7 billion metric tons). U.S. imports of cement (clinker) fell from 1,563 thousand metric tons in 2021 to 660 thousand metric tons in 2025. Net imports covered 21% of U.S. cement consumption in 2025. The three largest producers, China, India, and Vietnam, together supplied 60%.
Producer log
14 countries listed separately
| Country | Cement production 2024 | Cement production 2025 | Share of world 2025 | Change on 2024 | Clinker capacity 2024 | Clinker capacity 2025 | Change on 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 1,800,000 | 1,700,000 | 45% | −5.6% | 1,900,000 | 1,800,000 | −5.3% |
| India | 440,000 | 470,000 | 12% | +6.8% | 380,000 | 400,000 | +5.3% |
| Vietnam | 91,000 | 100,000 | 2.6% | +9.9% | 110,000 | 110,000 | 0% |
| Turkey | 85,000 | 89,000 | 2.3% | +4.7% | 100,000 | 100,000 | 0% |
| United Statesincludes Puerto Rico | 85,000 | 84,000 | 2.2% | −1.2% | 100,000 | 100,000 | 0% |
| Iran | 71,000 | 68,000 | 1.8% | −4.2% | 85,000 | 85,000 | 0% |
| Brazil | 65,000 | 67,000 | 1.8% | +3.1% | 60,000 | 61,000 | +1.7% |
| Egypt | 53,000 | 64,000 | 1.7% | +21% | 60,000 | 75,000 | +25% |
| Indonesia | 68,000 | 64,000 | 1.7% | −5.9% | 79,000 | 83,000 | +5.1% |
| Russia | 67,000 | 59,000 | 1.6% | −12% | 80,000 | 80,000 | 0% |
| Saudi Arabia | 51,000 | 54,000 | 1.4% | +5.9% | 75,000 | 75,000 | 0% |
| Japan | 46,000 | 44,000 | 1.2% | −4.3% | 50,000 | 50,000 | 0% |
| Mexico | 44,000 | 42,000 | 1.1% | −4.5% | 42,000 | 42,000 | 0% |
| South Korea | 44,000 | 37,000 | 1% | −16% | 62,000 | 62,000 | 0% |
| Other countries | 860,000 | 860,000 | 23% | 650,000 | 650,000 | ||
| World total | 3,900,000 | 3,800,000 | 100% | −2.6% | 3,800,000 | 3,800,000 | 0% |
United States
supply, trade and import sources
21%
Net import reliance in 2025, as a percentage of apparent consumption.
202119
202222
202322
202422
202521
Import sources, 2021–24
- Turkey 32%
- Canada 20%
- Vietnam 13%
- Greece 9%
- Other countries 26%
| Item | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production: Portland, blended, and masonry cement | 91,000 | 91,200 | 89,700 | 85,000 | 84,000 |
| Production: Clinker | 79,616 | 79,489 | 76,789 | 72,000 | 69,000 |
| Shipments to final customers, includes exports | 108,969 | 111,092 | 110,290 | 100,000 | 100,000 |
| Imports for consumption: Hydraulic cement | 19,937 | 24,985 | 24,986 | 23,675 | 23,000 |
| Imports for consumption: Clinker | 1,563 | 1,021 | 921 | 685 | 660 |
| Exports, hydraulic cement and clinker | 939 | 904 | 889 | 932 | 1,000 |
| Consumption, apparent | 111,000 | 114,000 | 113,000 | 110,000 | 110,000 |
| Stocks, cement, yearend | 6,280 | 8,010 | 8,830 | 9,700 | 8,200 |
| Employment, mine and mill, number | 12,300 | 12,800 | 13,000 | 13,000 | 13,000 |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Cement chapter (PDF page 70). How to read these figures.