Iron and steel
World pig iron and raw steel production, 2024–2025
Share of world raw steel production, 2025 · world total 1.9 billion metric tons
- China 52%
- India 8.4%
- United States 4.3%
- Japan 4.3%
- Russia 3.4%
- South Korea 3.2%
- Germany 2%
- Turkey 1.9%
- All other countries 21%
China accounted for 52% of world raw steel production in 2025 (980 million metric tons of 1.9 billion metric tons). U.S. imports of iron and steel (steel mill products Semifinished) fell from 7.9 million metric tons in 2021 to 5 million metric tons in 2025 (metal). The three largest producers, China, India, and the United States, together supplied 64%. Net imports covered 13% of U.S. iron and steel consumption in 2025.
Producer log
11 countries listed separately
| Country | Pig iron production 2024 | Pig iron production 2025 | Change on 2024 | Raw steel production 2024 | Raw steel production 2025 | Share of world 2025 | Change on 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 852 | 830 | −2.6% | 1,010 | 980 | 52% | −3% |
| India | 90 | 98 | +8.9% | 150 | 160 | 8.4% | +6.7% |
| United States | 20.6 | 21 | +1.9% | 79.5 | 82 | 4.3% | +3.1% |
| Japan | 61 | 59 | −3.3% | 84 | 81 | 4.3% | −3.6% |
| Russia | 51 | 47 | −7.8% | 71 | 65 | 3.4% | −8.5% |
| South Korea | 44 | 41 | −6.8% | 64 | 60 | 3.2% | −6.2% |
| Germany | 24 | 25 | +4.2% | 37 | 38 | 2% | +2.7% |
| Turkey | 10 | 10 | 0% | 37 | 37 | 1.9% | 0% |
| Brazil | 27 | 28 | +3.7% | 34 | 35 | 1.8% | +2.9% |
| Iran | 4 | 4 | 0% | 31 | 32 | 1.7% | +3.2% |
| Vietnam | 14 | 14 | 0% | 22 | 23 | 1.2% | +4.5% |
| Other countries | 78 | 93 | 269 | 280 | 15% | ||
| World total | 1,280 | 1,300 | +1.6% | 1,880 | 1,900 | 100% | +1.1% |
United States
supply, trade and import sources
13%
Net import reliance in 2025, as a percentage of apparent consumption.
202114
202216
202312
202414
202513
Import sources, 2021–24
- Canada 23%
- Mexico 15%
- Brazil 13%
- South Korea 9%
- Other countries 40%
| Item | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pig iron production | 22.2 | 20.0 | 22.5 | 20.6 | 21 |
| Raw steel production | 85.8 | 80.5 | 81.4 | 79.5 | 82 |
| Continuously cast steel, percent | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
| Shipments, steel mill products | 85.9 | 81.2 | 81.0 | 78.7 | 82 |
| Imports, steel mill products: Finished | 20.6 | 22.9 | 19.7 | 20.4 | 19 |
| Imports, steel mill products: Semifinished | 7.9 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5 |
| Imports, steel mill products: Total | 28.5 | 28.0 | 25.6 | 26.2 | 24 |
| Exports, steel mill products: Finished | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 6 |
| Exports, steel mill products: Semifinished | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Exports, steel mill products: Total | 7.5 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7 |
| Stocks, service centers, yearend | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.7 |
| Consumption, apparent (steel mill products) | 100 | 96.2 | 92.4 | 91.1 | 95 |
| Producer price index, steel mill products (1982=100) | 351 | 382 | 320 | 291 | 290 |
| Employment, average, number: Iron and steel mills | 78,300 | 80,800 | 84,000 | 84,900 | 86,000 |
| Employment, average, number: Steel product manufacturing | 52,700 | 55,400 | 58,500 | 59,600 | 61,000 |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Iron and steel chapter (PDF page 110). How to read these figures.